[butterfly effect] [phenomenon] [Frog] [catfish crocodile effect of law] [Herding] [hedgehog] [watch law rules broken windows theory] [] [] [twenty-eight law] [barrel theory ],[-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
01 - The Butterfly Effect: The Butterfly Effect
butterfly effect: the final century, 70 annuals, an American meteorologist labeled Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of atmosphere, said the Amazon rain forest a butterfly pinion vibration occasionally, perhaps two weeks can occasion a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to enlarge after its future status will cause a very huge difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important, can not be perplexed.
Management Implications
today's business, its fate also by the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the mark consumer, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these elusive factors will be their choice. So long as a little attention, we can easily see that some management practices, work well in their company philosophy will seem in this sentence:
100 clients, only one satisfied, so you can be proud that only 1% of the failure, but for the customer, he got in return was 100% satisfied. p>
today, permit companies to change the fate of the bus competition, and other news of the emergence of corporate monopoly to sit and worry-free growing latent of mini and open rivalry so that corporations have to consider always the potential elements that affect evolution.
streamline the organization, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to enable speed up people away from the orthodox security, followed by on their own to resolve the fate. The organizational and personal emancipation combined result is: who can occupy the serviceable life of the
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02 - Frog phenomenon
frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the kettle, because of its penniless The response is very acute environment, will speedily bound out the kettle appearance. If you put a frog into a pot of chilly water and slowly heated, the frog will not swiftly bound out the pot, the water temperature gradually additional the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so tall that the frog can not stand, it has also late, or that there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they often cause people to attentive, and disposed to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no clear detection.
Inspiration:
One revelation: the survival of our organization and a major threat to society, not from sudden memorabilia but by slow, gradual and imperceptible process of formation. Short-sighted people, only to see local, and can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face the major changes occurring quietly, but can not discover, and ultimately will bring us even more serious injury! ~
second detection is: frog, as if the blues in our lives, we must look to the future, hard thinking to new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, not the Today there are wine, drunk today
Implications of the three is: Today's society is a knowledge blast, quick, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy so go on, will surely be eliminated by the times, there will be faced with the hazard of unemployment!
Insight 4: we do not simply, only the face of sudden peril, the neglect of the kind of slow and teeny little peril, because the kind of slow and tiny little risk, is the most horrible!
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03 - crocodile alligator
law rule: the direction is assumed that a crocodile bite your feet if you use hands to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
sample, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the instruction of the market, must stop immediately, without any tarry, shall not have any luck.
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ago, sardines, cheap survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious environment, will be small fish found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not dead.
When an organization working to achieve a more stable state, often method lower employee motivation, Harmony, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two appearances, one company to continuously multiplication fresh blood, those vibrant, quick-witted youth compel into the workforce and even management, to those who rest on its laurels, conservative and bureaucratic laziness employees to bring competitive pressures to raise The second is to constantly introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management concepts, so as to enable enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and plasticity.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, capable of enabling leadership style change, and so on. But I believe that catfish effect analysis and application of much more. Thinking of different perspectives, identify problems, solve the problem is different.
First, if the catfish body on behalf of the leader.
leaders influence others to complete missions that the individual or collective, in the dead sardine box, a symbol of a group of sardines on a highly homogeneous group, their skill level is similar to the lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the whole body is a swollen state, the leader of the arrival of catfish (or internal sardines evolved into catfish), new broom sweeps clean, punishment, standardize system, the transformation process, the reasonable delivery of jobs and people, financial, stuff, and gradually the business organization has been improvement, cut down costs, simplify the bloated body, unable of sardines to be eaten, and driven away, has the capacity of Sardines have been a positive incentive, so that the whole body showed a thriving scene, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the organization's vitality has been mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the market, maintain market only a solid basis.
From this perspective, catfish leader should have the retinue characteristics:
1 - act decisively, resolutely: quickly find the organization where the stagnant condition and be able to slit the Gordian tangle, quickly and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, a strong neatness of work: scientific decision-making, and to oversee the implementation of the decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, establish an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and configuration, compensation design and appraisal, etc. reflect the innovative fancies, reflect Innovative interest.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, to expect the direction of organizational development and existing and future human resource gap, which can effectively identify future talent, cut out of tow is not suitable for development of the organization staff.
5 - the system perspective, the courage to change: the ability to observe from within and outside the organizational changes in the structure and function of the system, not only regard ourselves as part of an organization (as disapproved to a fisher, catfish leaders themselves also sardines, fisherman is the leader), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, they can bring the staff open up the situation, to break the routine, with good results.
for the leader under the leadership of the struggle for a common goal of employee groups, if the leader has catfish features, then the way to survive is in film, to stimulate their energy, at least to synchronous speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business objectives), so as not to be eaten catfish catch up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a group.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behavior, different habits, because different, will inspire wisdom, a team needs different personalities, different skills, work experience of different people to combine, if we are all all-employees, then the team produce imaginative, to produce high performance is slim. Focus on team building, communication and team effort today, due to attract catfish to connect the team, will bring the whole team working atmosphere and active, bringing innovation to bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, full of catfish, the whole team will be there, the whole team foul, so some Japanese companies believe in the truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, affect the shape, the team remedied the other employees in the catfish, it should work on the basis of their cooperation.
again,
Lacoste Swerve Trainers, if the catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
now in numerous companies, organizational building and work process re-engineering of the devise is still to chance a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, monotonous boring job content so that people feel mobbed like a tub of sardines as there is no enthusiasm, not willing to post more, think more improvements, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment of the catfish effect applied to the work design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is obvious. How anxious, passionate catfish into the backwater of the work as well? This is a laborious science, it was disputed from the curtate and vertical expansion of the coverage of work, work to deepen the content, so that employees who experience a heap of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging, inciting work when excitement and desire; argued the access the use of growth rotation of staff competence, so that they work more catfish swim delight; I maintain that the applying of these fathom, while also focusing on matching people with jobs individuality, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines sardines on to do things, have positions in both the work content of catfish ought work with the content of sardines, the most important thing is to find staff favorites, look at those work that allows them to produce power and passion catfish, and only behind the match, catfish effect can actually melodrama its role, or set up a catfish although the content of work, but can not find this kind of work the staff was very moving, fighting, then this catfish has become a dead fish.
From this viewpoint, the work of the catfish's work on behalf of rich content, it is exciting Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, job experience, and so fresh the other. For leaders and human resource managers, if at work setting catfish work, at what level to set the work of catfish,
Womens Lacoste Carnaby Trainers, will be an organization's strategy.
sum up, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization Do not swim back, otherwise the risk of being dined, always full of passion to the upwards and perhaps one day you become a catfish to grab up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may also be catfish , then, and he Competition Competition to see who churn more energy; your subordinates may also have catfish, it is to motivate subordinates to grow at the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development impetus, or you there is the risk of under eating; your work may also have catfish, it reasonable to sort their own work, prioritizing work for catfish swim more joy, the best to stir up work on a membrane of Fan.
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05 - Herding: The Effect of Sheep Flock
herding: sheep where to go, followed by sheep to follow where to go.
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and ######## phenomenon, the same stock.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a mallet in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam, only the second, third will follow the jump; time , Flanagan stick to retreat after the sheep, came here, still the same as the sheep in front, jump up, even though the stick has gone expressway, which is called . Refers to the management of some companies on the mart behavior is a common phenomenon. It is deserving to not enough message and lack of understanding, be difficult to market uncertainty about the hereafter of the reasonable expectations, often by observing the behavior of people approximately the extraction of information, the continuous transportation of this information, Many of the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herd behavior.
herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is extra typical of a phenomenon, the fashion of monetary methodology can not unravel. Economics often use Sheep is a very dispersed union, routinely with left and right is blind to buffet, but once a sheep to push, the other ambition without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf alternatively approach the front may have better at the grass. Therefore, the
herding as a general in a very competitive manufacture, but also the industry leader on a (leader) occupied the major attention, then the whole flock will continue to imitate the leader's every move, the leader go
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06 -
hedgehog hedgehog law rule: two idle hedgehog, as cold and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a catena of two hedgehog eventually found a appropriate distance: both get each other's warm and will not be binding.
the use of hedgehog rules
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also deeply affected him and consultants, think tanks and the staff of their relationship. In his ten years of presidential years, his Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other private advisers and think tanks, no one's working life can be more than two years. His newly appointed chief of staff always say: requirements. This provision for two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal, but nailed is not normal. This is a train by the force of impact, because the legion is mobile, and not always fixed in one place the army. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major determination on their own thinking and the survival of the leader, he does not allow side there is always inseparable from the people. Only to muster in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure the advisers and staff with fresh thinking and decision, and full of vitality, it can prevent the course of time the consultants and senior staff who use the name of the President and the Government dishonesty.
Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admirable. No sense of distance, making the leadership of the secretary or an over-reliance on a few people, and the resource persons from interference in servant businesses, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally dragged into the water leadership cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or maintain a certain distance is good.
GE
former president of General Electric Company's care on the work Stone individually hedgehog theory, especially in the dispose of medium and senior directors is more is so. Treatment in the workplace and on the issue, Stone not mean for directors of attention, but in their spare time, he never asked directors to guest family, never to approve their invitation. It is this distance to maintain one appropriate management of the business to make general Zhimakaihua steadily high. And workers to maintain a definite distance, not make you high upon, neither will you be disturbed with the personality of employees. This is one of the best managed state. To maintain the distance by certain principles to maintain this rule of equal manipulation for all: either leaders themselves jump, can also compel employees. Grasp this rule, also mastered the hidden of successful management.
Means that regardless of any way to murder the fox to hedgehog, hedgehog just shorten up, the fox will do nothing. It showed a business just to find a simple and efficient prototype of development, regardless of any change in the market and competitors, can easily cope, way to rapid growth.
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07 - watch Law: Watch Law
watch Law: Law is a see with a chart, you can know It is a few minutes, and when he has two not being proficient to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more exact time, so they will see the people lose confidence in exact time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss.
[fable]
fable of monkeys and table
a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun heaves every day they go out foraging, the sun when the back rest, life is dim and elated.
a guest through the forest to watch a tree fall on the rocks, was a monkey Smart Meng can be
do the Monkey King's Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But presently, the new monkey is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
influenced by [the law]
watch law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, they will make a loss; for one can not select between two different values, or his behavior would be in chaos.
a person can not be more than two people to command, or will the people know what to do; for a business, it is not at the same time using two different means of management, or will the business not develop.
in this regard with AOL Time Warner merger is a typical failure case. AOL is a young Internet company, corporate culture emphasizes operating flexibility,
Lacoste Casual Trainers, rapid decision-making, rapid to seize the markets necessitate that all of the target service. Time Warner in the development process to build long-term emphasis on the integrity of the Road and innovative corporate culture.
two corporations after the merger, senior corporate management did a good solution to two kinds of values conflicts with the staff completely confuse the company's future development direction. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century wedding finished in failure. It also indicates that, to find out the time, an accurate time table would be ample.
only choice you think is right
two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose the exact time confidence. You must do is to choose the more authentic one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: However, the problems many people is that they are
also in the environment or others below pressure, against his own choice did not like the road, and accordingly reduced for life. Even if the subject made great achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
life inspiration
in real life, we often encounter a similar situation. Such as two elective courses are you interested in, but educating time coincidence, and you do not have ample energy to learn the two courses, this time it's hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
career, places, treatment no clear victor of the two units, you will go from here? Every crossing in life, we must face the
choice in the face of clash, we suggest using The so-called
psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but by the psychological subconscious, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.
kernel philosophy: more choices, more standards will make people confused.
Application tips: explicit goals, without interference; know how to choose the place is put.
application areas: social life, business.
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08 - broken windows theory: Break Pane Law
broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one patches, separated presently after the other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is some graffiti is not cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a muff, unsightly thing; a very clean place People catching out the litter sorry, but if there is waste on the ground there,
Lacoste UK, the people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
broken windows theory 1
also known as the as the target of critique and summed up, reflected in its well-known treatise The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window cup, which would make the installation of cup and glass making were began to subserve social employment.
here, scholars to illustrate the child's behavior and the government's deeds could have consequences, which completely negative the Keynesian administration intervention. The release of this fallacy in the flood, let's, earthquakes, let's at combat, it seems quite applicable.
broken windows theory 2
also called the broken window effect (Break Pane Law)
a window was broken, if I were you repaired, will lead to More windows were broken, and even the whole establishing was destroyed.
by the American political scientist and criminologist Wilson Carin observation synopsis of the
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09 - twenty-eight law: Pareto principle
twenty-eight decree (Pareto's decree): the late 19th early 20th century Italy economist Pareto that in anybody team of things, the maximum essential and only a small chapter, almost 20%, nevertheless a heap of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of folk with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to analyze, process and see by the issues, business and management to collar the crucial few; to find out who tin provide 80% of the profits,
Lacoste Protect Laser Trainers, merely only 20% of the total key purchasers to improve services to accomplish a multiplier efficacy; business leaders to work seriously above the classification thinking, are the principal vigor to solve the main problem, converge on important projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people with more money ------- cervix -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking negative thinking
20% of people who buy time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% of people prevail others -------------- 80% of people who dominated
20% by the people who do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people together importance to experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how do I make money ------ only 80% of how I want money I do
20 % of people love to investment ---------------- 80% of people love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people find answers in the question -------- 80% of people find the answer in question
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the instant
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% people plan for the future -------------- 80% of the a.m. just like today, why
20% of the people by the successful experience of acting -------- 80% people according to their own hopes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people do today, tomorrow things ------ 80% of people do today what tomorrow
20% of people how to do it ------------ 80% of people can not do
20 % ---------------- 80% of people who take notes Forgetfulness good
20% of people affected by the success of 80% of people affected -------- of people affected by human impact of the failure
20% of people in good -------------- 80% of the bad opinion
20% of people trust they will succeed - ------------- 80% of people do not absence to change the environment
20% of people will never compliment, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people will give up
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10 - bucket theory: Buckets effect
bucket theory: the makeup of the embark if the barrel length of missing, then the bucket containing water is not dependent on the longest piece of lumber, but on the shortest piece of lumber.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, must be the same each board flush with no harm, if I were you in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing panel beneath the chasm, this can not be fraught with water buckets. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket, no matter how high, its water storage is extremely dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
also known as bucket principle or theory of a short board, short board bucket management theory, the so-called how much, does not depend on the maximum piece of wood Tongbi, but preferably depends on the shortest piece Tongbi. According to this core content, Second, at the peak of the bucket, there are a sufficient altitude, a bucket of water can not be full.
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11 - Matthew: Matthew Effect
Matthew: all, be taken away.
Matthew, refers to the mighty stronger and the languid weaker phenomenon, warmhearted accustom in social psychology, training, financial, and technological and other fields. Its name comes from the Bible,
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1, Cage logical
a beauteous bird imprison hanging in the chamber where the most prominent area, a few days, the owner will make an of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy back on a bird cage. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the apartment, at a time people entered the room and discerned the cage, it will not assist but inquire you: keep off birds. Cage plausible reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of musing. So seen in the life and work amplify plausible thinking is very important.
2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if only cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly things. A very clean place, people will be perplexed taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
everything bad, if I were you stop off at the beginning, the formation of mores, change can get rid, whether the creek bank, a small gap is not timely fix, dams can collapse, causing the detriment of millions of periods.
guilt is actually the result of disarray, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, every day do not kill, wading in the avenue in broad daylight to be fearful of. Mention the subway, motorcar sordid, dirty words plastered everywhere, sitting on the metro, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the professors have been in broad daylight, struck a memorandum Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I speak about Tiger color for many years,
Lacoste R75 P2 Trainers, not alone to New York. New York city and the metropolis recently raised a lot of fame, I am quite startled that a metropolis has been sinking, can flee from the dead, to amend.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, immediately to him for counsel, the original New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. Although this approximate was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the government's determination to amend, and found very effective.
police found that people really do not compare the situation in a neat crime, also found that grasping Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fee evasion was wanted, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are willing to catch evasion very seriously, which makes murderers not fare evasion, did not dare go out with weapons to avoid more harm than good, escapes scampers the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to start, breaking the crime ring junction (necklace), so this vicious cycle can not continue
3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points, outside of an suite in New York before a man named Juno younger than pearly women between the end of the bar back to work manslaughter of the way home. When she cried in despair: When everything is silence, the killer returned to crime. When she screamed, the nearby dwellers and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she hurrahed for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and meditative. It is considered a colossal number of bystanders disregarding the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of liability effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and survey results found that: this phenomenon can not fair mention everyone's unfeeling, or moral decay of the performance increased. Because on different causes, deeds of assistance that people really are different. When a person in an crisis situation, if only he can provide help, he would apparently conscious of their responsibilities, aid to the victims. If he refused to generate feelings of guilt, sensibilities of crime, which requires paying a high psychological amount. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of every person to share very few observers and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to wreck this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.
4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency workers explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give able people; second is to allow a competent person to facilitate their work; third meeting of two levels lower than they were when the gopher. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be able of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre gopher sharing his work, he is high above mandates, they will not pose a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find an collaborator. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient mastery system.
5, the halo effect
famous Russian scholastic mammoth Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a magnificent deal. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks amazing, but with assorted channel sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write verse Pushkin read to her time. She forever said, clutching his ears: duel decease, so a scholastic star fall headlong. In Pushkin, a beautiful female is bound to have great knowledge and noble character, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who display the specifics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For example, some older people to young people's individual failings, or clothes, habits and grudge, they think they must have good for nought; some young people a thing about the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the misdeed is: First, it is cozy to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual push and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically linked to some personality or physical specifics related with, the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all, that bad on all the negative, which is a total domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and vanquish the side effects of the halo effect.
6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and narratives of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the opening of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a straight impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the laborers were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of care, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so personnel From a social point of view aspects are motivated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the learn and would greatly addition the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our everyday lives to study to get by with others, understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our knowledge progress, full of confidence!
7, learned helplessness capable helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found later in beast and human studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or agree in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not rely on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a opportunity to escape cordless shock, they become was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, dwindled motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no material what their own can not control the termination impact. In each experiment, the shock is canceled under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a mini and see the real events behind the determinants do not make our own despair.
8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective certify, that is his own witness and listen to speak out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with private outlooks and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they allow to be shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the content of the movie in question, and asked them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same happened ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their replies were in fact no better than those who do not have positiveness greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the circumstance, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can measure themselves. For example, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the clash from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the episode in hair color better or aggravate.
9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a notable experiment. Them to a basic referendum in the three sixth grade classes of babies production a fuss of the In fact, this account is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months afterward, intelligence tests and base another on the list of the general correction in student fulfilment, teachers also gave them nice moral behave reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is considered along teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers anticipate students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the sovereign of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl adore as his final lust to make this statue into a real human, the two catch on).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards their actions, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, behavior, facial expressions feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the panic for teachers.
10, disloyal share discrepancy (disloyal accordance discrimination)
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to play calculator games, then it is possible to overestimate the number of people like microprocessor games. You will usually overestimate the students to ballot for their favorite numbers, overestimate their own group's honor and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of traits is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than inner attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that when;
(4) When your status all butme kind of customary life and learning are threatened;
(5) When it comes to a affirmative the quality or individuality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
Management have to know the portion of the knowled
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