Black powder Black powder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, dating back over 1,000 years of history, black powder is the appropriate role of external energy, its capable of burning quickly and regularly, while generating a large number high-temperature gas substances. Mainly used in the military bullets, shells and rocket propellant and other drive propellant energy is an important component of ammunition. Gunpowder was originally mainly used for medicine, which named its can be seen, and later spread to Europe, gunpowder was used for military.
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reaction principle of the invention of black powder black powder black powder spread of the use of black powder fire reaction principle, the following chemical reaction occurs : 2KNO3 + S + 3C ==== K2S + N2 ↑ + 3CO2 ↑ release of oxygen decomposition of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur to severe burns, and instantly generate a lot of heat and nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. Rapid expansion of the volume, the pressure increased violently, then exploded. It measured about every 4 grams of black powder ignited, can produce 280 liters of gas, the volume can be expanded in recent times. In a limited space, the rapid expansion of heated gas explosion. In the explosion, the resultant solid particles dispersed in the gas inside, so a large amount of smoke. K2S solid when the explosion generated, tend to have a lot of smoke was visible, hence the name black powder. Black powder is a civilian explosives, deflagration instantaneous temperature up to 1000C or more, extremely damaging. Sensitive than black powder, flammable, Mars can be ignited. Black powder products of combustion are mostly carbon dioxide and water, nitrogen oxides, as well as a small amount of CO, K2CO3, K2SO4, and K2S2, etc. There are many resultant solids residue. [1] The invention of black powder was the first Chinese invented gunpowder in the country, black gunpowder in the late Tang Dynasty (9th century),
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Ancient gunpowder black powder by the application
invented by the ancient alchemists, from the Warring States to early Han Dynasty, the imperial nobility indulged in the illusion of immortality immortals, driven by refining some of Taoist alchemist the invention of gunpowder gradually in the process recipe. A number of relics from the 30 sector, exploration and industry experts, the Experts said the discovery of gunpowder, so far the largest raw materials in China - the exploitation of nitrate refining base, and this discovery will help reveal the Chinese invented gunpowder, the mystery of ages. According to historical records, the alchemists of ancient China in the long process of refining immortality, found that nitrate, sulfur and charcoal to burn a mixture of explosive, was born one of the four great inventions of ancient China gunpowder. In 808 AD, the Tang Dynasty Qing Xu alchemists child wrote later than the end of November, from Sichuan Province, Geological Engineering Investigation Institute in northwest Sichuan, Beijing, China Cultural Institute Jiuzhou City, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province Cultural Relics Bureau and other units of the 5-day field trips. Laojunshan area found Chaoyang Dong, rain hole, a dozen senior officials hole excavated in the cave, several hundred meters deep in the hole to the last ten kilometers. Such as in the Chaoyang Dong cave expedition, we found an orderly arrangement for the production of the nitrate pool, and the mountains of waste, waste, and living with a stove and so on. Where the smoke hole 60 meters wide, up to 50 meters, about 1 km in the cave, the human form a four hundred square meters of face,
shape ups skechers, each face has a few small and large nitrate pool and stove, inside the cave is also littered with a lot of broken Ming dynasty porcelain. Experts on the surrounding environment and culture Laojunshan study found that the limited re-town property, traffic inconvenience, but a collection of Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and other provinces of the Center, some hall has preserved . The experts agreed that nitrate is likely to be operating in the provinces and abroad gathered here, and built a provincial hall. In the next hall, and this is still called Experts also believe that Sichuan is the birthplace of Taoism in China's domestic education, before and after the Han Dynasty popular Taoist alchemy, Taoism is the invention of gunpowder,
skechers tone ups, and Laojunshan the mountain forests in the Song Dynasty so far built four Taoist teaching concept, which must necessarily links. As the basic raw material nitrate powder, charcoal, sulfur, are also readily available at the local, with the basic conditions for the production of gunpowder. Xu Xiangdong said the head of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage expert Luo Zhewen expedition saw the text in the inspection report and photos, that National Heritage Board of the Institute Evergreen Man much the same that If after further investigation and evaluation, is the Chinese invention of gunpowder Laojunshan land, and the history of China's largest mining of raw materials in powder, it will be China and the world community's most significant archaeological discoveries. The use of black powder over a period of exploration, the gunpowder began to be practical. The initial use of gunpowder was not in the military, but in the Song Dynasty armies circus acrobatics performances, and puppet shows in the acrobatic fireworks - Song also to perform magic powder, such as exhaust smoke cloud to escape people, change things, so as to receive magical blur effect! Gunpowder was introduced into medicine, as drugs for the treatment of sores and ringworm, as well as insecticide, the provision of moisture plague. About the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the late 10th century, gunpowder began to use in war. Gunpowder was introduced into the military, and become a great power of new weapons, and caused the strategy,
skechers women, tactics, major changes in military technology. Early gunpowder weapons, explosives poor performance is primarily used for arson. As the technology improved, the explosive properties of gunpowder to strengthen the new type of firearm is also emerging. War, the Chinese military has also used black powder weapons and war Song, gunpowder in the military is more widely used, Liao Xia Song and Kim to resist the brutal attack, attaches great importance to gunpowder and gunpowder weapons testing and production, 1000 ( Emperor Song Hampyeong three years) and 1002 (Xianping five years), God, health and water Jizhou militia army to make long-Tang Fu Shi Pu, which have been made in the palace were rockets, fireballs and other new gunpowder weapons, by the Shinshu of the awards. Since then, the powder must be equipped with Song, Kaifeng was the capital of the Northern Song government established a gunpowder mill, is specialized in the manufacture of gunpowder and firearms, government-run handicraft workshop (that is, a crossbow arrow seven thousand gunpowder, gunpowder bow arrows ten thousand, Tribulus gun (built-in with barbed iron powder packets) three thousand leather gun twenty thousand, , which recorded three powder formulations and a variety of gunpowder weapons and illustrated This is the first world record of hot weapons production process to the Southern Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons technology become more advanced, the stereotypes keep Dean (Hubei Anlu) have been used firearms charge. to the Southern Song Dynasty in the late appeared spears technology a step further and have a profound impact the invention of firearms bamboo tubular steel pipe or copper pipe to the child with a nest made of iron and other substances (like bullets) use of blasting powder and then the tension out of the nest fader, which is the prototype of later rifles and bullets. Of course there are bound to have shot the gun, blasting the principle is the same, Songmie Nan Tang, Jinling wins on the use of a gun, also used in China With the gun in the chess pieces (see) which makes use of the Song became the first Mongolian cavalry making this version almost laid a huge contribution to the whole Eurasian black powder has long been out now, but still in the civilian areas used for the manufacture of fireworks and fireworks festival,
skechers shoes, also used in quarrying, logging and mining blasting. The spread of black powder early as eight, the ninth century, and medicine, with the knowledge of alchemy, nitrate is also spread from China to Arabia. At that time the Arabs call it They only know to use the nitrate treatment, metallurgy and the glass. 13th century, gunpowder was introduced by the businessmen of Arab countries by India. Greeks, Arabs, through the translation of books to know gunpowder. Gunpowder weapons, the war spread to Arab countries by Genghis Khan west, the Mongolian army used gunpowder weapons. 1260 AD, Kublai Khan's army in the war with Syria were defeated, the Arabs seized a rocket, drug cupping, guns, gunpowder weapons Zhentian Lei, etc.,
skechers shape up shoes, which control the manufacture and use of gunpowder weapons. Arab and European countries for a long war, the war the Arabs used gunpowder weapons, such as Spain, the Arabs attacked the eight Shacheng when used gunpowder weapons. In the war with Arab countries, Europeans gradually mastered the manufacture of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons technology. Gunpowder and gunpowder weapons into Europe, The rule of aristocratic nobles in armor with the die of the cavalry. With the development of capitalism, the new elite of the artillery factory in Europe, manufactured, equipped with a powerful fleet, sailing voyage to conquer new colonies ``````。 Atlas Atlas entry for more reference materials 1
black powder
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